Office administration SBA Essay Essay Example

Office organization SBA Essay Example Office organization SBA Essay Office organization SBA Essay Articulation of TopicTo discover the obligations and obligations of the Administrative Assistant at The Cable Department. AimThe points of this endeavor are:To investigate the obligations and obligations of the authoritative aide To discover the significance of the Administrative Assistant to the association. Elements of the Cable DepartmentAt The Cable Department. the maps of an Administrative Assistant areto brand and common assignments for the benefit of an official and to perceive the customer or conceivable concern individual in the most pleasant way. Abbott Village.West Farm.St Kitts. 17 October. 2012 Ms Judith HewletThe Administrative Assistant.The Cable Department.Church Street.Basseterre. Dear Ms Hewlet.I am a fifth signifier understudy of the Verchilds High school. While trying to complete my School Based Assessment. I am creating this note looking for authorization to carry on a meeting with you furthermore to mention some objective facts of the Administrative Assistant. I would wish to occur out the duties of the secretary and how their work benefits the worry. I trust that you would permit me authorization to hold this meeting. I would be profoundly appreciative as this would do it simpler for me to complete my Office Administration School Based Assessment Project. Thankss in progress for your participation. Yours unfeignedly. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Tashaun Greene MethodologyThe instrument that the examination laborer used to accumulate the informationwas a meeting. The exploration laborer met the Administrative Assistant on the 21st of October. 2013 and recorded reactions during the treatment. This instrument is utilized by inquisitive a Ms. Hewlet in that specific concern topographic point requests whether up close and personal or over the telephonewhich is applicable to the worry to earn data. This instrument was picked over others since more requests can be asked and the exploration specialist may obtain a superior dread of the data. In add-on. the questioner can answer requests that were non unmistakably comprehended by the respondent. this way is considerably more viable and quicker in footings of gaining the data. Five of import inquiries1. What hardware do you use to complete your work?2. What are the duties in the concern?3. What are the paperss utilized in the concern?4. What are the rule laws that oversee the concern?5. Are at that place any health and security guidelines? Plan of Activity DateActivityRemarks13/9/12The rules for the SBA was given to the exploration laborer from the teacher The educator clarified everything that ought to or ought to non be done in the SBA14/9/12The examination specialist began research on the initial six endeavors of the endeavor A past student revised the endeavor and set a couple alterations19/9/12I talked with the secretary to look for her consent about the meeting The secretary was satisfied to answer and said yes23/9/12The SBA was sent back to the exploration laborer in an electronic mailThe educator adjusted the undertaking14/12/12The examination specialist was on occupation affectionate respect to secure farther data about the endeavor It was a triumph and all the data required was cod 21/12/12The meeting was conductedIt was successful8/1/13The educator accumulated with understudies to ask about the occupation experience The students reacted great. it profited the majority of them 21/1/13The SBA was sent to the instructorTeacher made a few lodging to the SBA22/2/13The SBA was sent back to the examination laborer to be correctedThe research specialist sent back the amendment to the teacher Rules and Regulations Enactment One rule law that oversees the work topographic point that the exploration laborer must be mindful of is classification. this just implies whatever data is in the worry topographic point it ought to stay at that spot and shouldn’t be talk about among your equivalents. relations or companions and so forth. The data ought to stay private. In any case. the exploration laborer got conscious of this rule law by the individuals on staff. Wellbeing AND SAFETY One health and wellbeing design while shipping out this exploration undertaking dependent on the work environment is the imprint which peruses â€Å"wet floor† . This imprint keeps individuals from obtaining hurt by permitting them realize that threat can be before them. STAFF RULE One staff guideline which the exploration specialist needed to follow with while shipping out the endeavor is that there ought to be no utilization of mobile phones while working. This is so on the grounds that it might be an interruption or it might create battle between the customers and the staff part. Report The points of the endeavor are to investigate the obligations and obligations of the secretary and to discover the significance of the Administrative Assistant are to keep acceptable working conditions and to use the fundamental bundle applications. Business Form DateName OF DOCUMENTPURPOSE OF DOCUMENT19/12/12Internet User AgreementThe goal of this papers is to ensure that the customers consent to gain the internet administration and they will make whatever is required to get the administration. 21/12/12The Cable FormThe plan of this signifier is for the customers to make full out to clear up whether they need to reconnect. inlet. climb or downsize their administration. Cancelation FormThe aim of this signifier to cancel the full abroad message administration. OFFICE EQUIPMENT DateEquipmentPurpose OF EQUIPMENTSUITABILITY FOR TASKS27/12/12Photograph Copying MachineThe goal of this gear is to duplicate the customer’s ID and whatever other papers that is at that place for pertinent proof It is fit to clear up whether the individual is who they state they are 28/12/12 Money RegisterThe aim of this gear is for the customers to pay their measure where they owe or to do certain minutess It is fit since this is the head thing that the customers come into the worry to make and it will be benefitting the worry since they will secure cash 30/12/12 PrinterThe plan of this hardware is to keep up a troublesome transcript of the of import data or data pertinent to the worry It is fit to distribute material so there would be a troublesome transcript so they will be conveyed to shoppers. for representation letters List of sources Individual listed:21 December 2012. Basseterre. Work Secretariat Administrative Assistant Distribution ListS Finisterre. L Payne A ; J Reid ( 2004 ) Longman Office Administration for CXC Reference section Five of import requests 1. What is the hardware utilized in the concern?2. What are the duties of the concern?3. What are the paperss utilized in the concern?4. What are the paperss utilized for in the concern?5. What are the resolution laws that administer the concern?6. Are at that place sound and security regulations?7. Is the worry an effective one?8. What are the advantages of the concern?9. Are at that place any staff guidelines?

Leadership Challenges of James Riadyâ€Free Samples For Students

Question: What Is the Leadership Challenges of James Riady? Answer: Presentation A few powers challenge administration at the various stages throughout everyday life; be that as it may, genuine pioneers discover out of those emergency. On an equivalent note, this task is about a pioneer Mr. James Riady who is the director of the Lippo Group in Indonesia. The fundamental reason for this task is to assess the administration quality in Mr. Riady dependent on some initiative characteristics, for example, Moral and Transformational authority. Administration can be alluded to an assortment of a few attributes, which elevates the standard of an individual by upgrading the virtues and the dispersing the profoundly gainful qualities for the general public (Chemers, 2014). In the given contextual analysis, James Riady is a case of such pioneers, which is the self-control of a few attributes, which has affected the general public and the nation too. Mr. Riady is the director of the Lippo Group of Indonesia who is taking care of the activities in the Indonesia and outside of the nation. The Lippo Group is associated with a few business spaces, for example, money related administrations, retail tasks, land business and so forth. Mr. Riady is a piece of a profoundly effective gathering. By and by, Mr. Riady has profoundly contributed in the achievement of the gathering. Regardless of all the true things, the pioneer has been reprimanded for a portion of his works (Ciulla, 2014). The greatest analysis, which the pioneer has pulled in, happened in the year 2001. Mr. Riady was blamed for being associated with certain sorts of political injury when the pioneer was together accused for duping the United States of America. The pioneer was charged for offering supports to the Bill Clinton and different democrats. The political injury attracted a profoundly raised punishment of $8.6 million. This was by a wide margin the greatest fine, which the political injury attracted throughout the entire existence of the United States. Mr. Riady was profoundly censured for including into such injury, which at that point in the end caused the pioneer to understand that the political injury and the business can never blend (Daft, 2014). The initiative of Mr. Riady is an assortment of a few attributes, for example, dynamic, transformational, situational. In any case, the qualities of Mr. Riady are absent on the ethical quality. The trait of the pioneer is profoundly indecent, which is evident in its contribution in such a major embarrassment. Notwithstanding, Mr. Riady is profoundly safeguard and the student of circumstance. This is a lot of reflected in his choice to correct his practices and to turn into a decent pioneer. The change from a pioneer to an unethical pioneer and afterward again changing go into a perfect chief basically tells the excursion of a transformational pioneer. The authority style of Mr. Riady is brimming with qualities, for example, dynamism, absorbance, changing and situational. In spite of all the analysis, which has kept encompassing the life of the pioneer, Mr. Riady is as yet regarded broadly as an amazing pioneer, which contributed exceptionally in the lifting economy of Indonesia (Hack man Johnson, 2013). Mr. Riady is profoundly acclaimed pioneer for its exclusive expectation works, which likewise got huge acknowledgment to the Lippo Group. The exceptionally captivating nature of the Mr. Riady has acquired a lot of achievement not exclusively to the Lippo Group yet in addition to the economy of Indonesia. The after snapshot of the political injury, which had pulled in mass analysis to the pioneer, Mr. Riady perceived the essentials of initiative. This was the one explanation at that point, which affected Mr. Riady most and supported him for a change (Hargreaves Fink, 2012). All things considered, Mr. Riady had recognized that the genuine character of a pioneer is in the esteem from all side of the world. The genuine character of a pioneer propels that person for the social prosperity separated from working together too. The significant asset behind the force and the affecting character of Mr. Riady is its sheer initiative style, which is conceived in him by ideals of the hereditary co mponents (Nahavandi, 2016). The administration quality is acquired in Mr. Riady from his dad Mochtar Riady. This was his institutional considerations, which empowered Mr. Riady for a perfect administration trademark. By and by, the determined nature of authority in him helped Mr. Riady understand the virtues of the administration. This is a result of the way that Mr. Riady tried to change his whole reasoning and changing into the ethical attributes of a pioneer. This is the reason Mr. Riady concentrated then exceptionally on the social prosperity. The extraordinary authority style is reflected in its astounding endeavors, which reflected in the quick development of the Lippo Group (Northouse, 2012). The organization has a notoriety to have the most significant level of virtues, which additionally empowered Mr. Riady for a less beneficial business and a profoundly socially situated reasoning. The organization is occupied with a few instructive crusades in and outside of Indonesia. By and by, the profoundly viable pundits of Mr. Riady did likewise toss an assortment of recognition from the pundits. The pundits had scrutinized the virtues of Mr. Riady previously however now they are dropping the stack of gestures of recognition for the pioneer. The social prosperity is a lot of evident in the operational style of Mr. Riady (Tannenbaum, Weschler Massarik, 2013). James Riady is generally a transformational pioneer, which has the force and the impact behind him, which energizes Mr. Riady for the change into an ethical character (Northouse, 2012). The association of the pioneer in the political injury that happened with the assistance of Mr. Clinton and different democrats is a strange case of an improper initiative. In any case, the force and the impact of his precursors and his dad who is the CEO of the organization behind him have all in all helped Mr. Riady defeat of the indecent trademark. A portion of the instances of his changed attributes do very well help the point that the authority style of Mr. Riady is a greater amount of Transformational. The political injury, which pulled in the most elevated ever punishment in the political history of the United States could have pulverized the ethical quality of James Riady. Notwithstanding, in spite of losing certainty, Mr. Riady reestablished himself for the change into such an administration style, which could be respected and recognized all around (Nahavandi, 2016). Be that as it may, Mr. Riady needs to battle hard to keep up its notoriety. Notwithstanding of colossal social government assistance and the mechanical achievement, James Riady has seen a few reactions for his administration style. James Riady is notable for a fiery and dynamic sort of pioneer, which never wavered of going for certain tests (Chemers, 2014). This isn't at all a little sort of progress that a pioneer can select. A little change is very conceivable however a whole change of the administration style is a lot of various. This is for sure extremely hard to change the whole character. The change happened simply after the political injury. Instances of such pioneers who have changed them totally into some socially recognized authority is extremely uncommon. This is a direct result of such explanation just that Mr. Riady is increasingly a transformational pioneer. The person who used to be associate d with the political injury in the US, he in the long run changed its qualities into increasingly complex and socially acknowledged character. The profoundly effective business of the organization and the similarly acts of kindness for the social causes has raised the initiative nature of James Riady. The pundits have likewise applauded the social prosperity of the initiative style of James Riady. A consistent spotlight on the instruction in and abroad the nations have pulled in a stack of gratefulness for the Lippo Group (Northouse, 2012). The Lippo Group is exceptionally effective organization in Indonesia. The Group is profoundly known for social works. End Mr. James Riady was at first less in moral qualities as it is clear in the political embarrassment in America. The political embarrassment in this manner pulled in the most noteworthy ever punishment throughout the entire existence of the legislative issues of the America. The specific embarrassment was a shameless initiative; be that as it may, not long after the episode, James Riady understood that governmental issues and business are both the various things. Mr. Riady changed himself to turn into a decent pioneer. The adjustment in administration brought some profoundly acclaimed social works, for example, improvement of instruction, supporting major instructive occasions and turning into a less benefit arranged and exceptionally socially slanted towards various exercises. In spite of all the benevolent acts, which James Riady did bring after its rebirth, he was each time reprimanded for some different works. By the by, James Riady is a fruitful specialist and a pioneer, which has improved the economy of Indonesia. In spite of all the analysis, the administration style of James Riady is profoundly acclaimed over the globe. References Chemers, M. (2014).An integrative hypothesis of administration. Brain science Press. Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2014).Ethics, the core of administration. ABC-CLIO. Foolish, R. L. (2014).The initiative experience. Cengage Learning. Hackman, M. Z., Johnson, C. E. (2013).Leadership: A correspondence point of view. Waveland Press. Hargreaves, A., Fink, D. (2012).Sustainable leadership(Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership - Global Edition. Pearson. Northouse, P. G. (2012).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage. Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I., Massarik, F. (2013).Leadership and association. Routledge.

Steps for Successful Problem-Solving With PTSD

Steps for Successful Problem-Solving With PTSD PTSD Coping Print Steps for Successful Problem-Solving With PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 19, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children PeopleImages / Getty Images The symptoms of PTSD can greatly interfere with many aspects of a persons life, and as a result, a person with PTSD may need to engage in a good amount of problem-solving throughout their daily life. When people are faced with problems, they may begin to feel overwhelmed or experience worry about the future. They may feel stuck and not know where to begin in addressing the problem. These experiences may be worse for someone with PTSD who already may be experiencing a tremendous amount of stress and anxiety. Problem-solving is a basic coping strategy. When done correctly, it can help someone experience a greater sense of control and predictability with regard to a problem. As a result, stress and anxiety may be reduced. There are five steps to problem-solving. Problem-solving is a structured approach to addressing a problem and can lead you to the best solution to a problem. Effective Problem-Solving Steps With PTSD To address a problem, it is very important to follow the below steps. Identify the Problem: The first step in solving a problem is to recognize what the problem is. This might sound like common sense; however, this is a very important step. Try to describe the problem as objectively as possible, as opposed to focusing on the potential consequences or implications of the problem. This can give you a better sense of what you are specifically dealing with.Define and Analyze the Problem: In this step, you will want to figure out what caused the problem, what the problem looks like at this moment and the urgency of addressing the problem. In this step, you want to also learn as much as you can about the problem. Be flexible in your approach. Do research on the problem. Look at the problem from a different perspective. Evaluate all of the different ways in which the problem could impact you.Generate Potential Solutions: Here you want to brainstorm and come up with as many solutions as you possibly can for the problem. Be creative and dont concern yourself at this point with how feasible the solutions may be. You want a number of different options to choose from. This process of generating solutions can also help you look at the problem from multiple perspectives. Keep in mind that it may be impossible to address all areas of a problem. When this is the case, break the problem down and try to generate solutions for parts of the problem (as opposed to the problem as a whole). It may be necessary to seek out help with this part of solving a problem.Decision-Making: In this step, you want to evaluate the solutions you came up with in step 3. Weigh the short- and long-term pros and cons of each solution. In addition, in this step, you want to start to evaluate how feasible each solution is. That is, how easily can you implement the solution to the problem?Implement a Solution and Evaluate its Success: In this final step, you want to choose a solution and implement it. Take action. In choosing a solution, you want to weigh the pros and cons of each potential solution, and it is generally a good idea to start out with a solution that is associated with low risk and that is compatible with your priorities and future goals. Once you have implemented a solution, evaluate how it was and was not successful. If the solution did not completely address the problem, you can then move back through some of the different stages to address other areas of the problem. Combining Strategies Problem-solving is a basic coping strategy that can be very effective in managing different sources of stress. As with any coping strategy, it may be important to combine it with other coping strategies, such as anxiety reduction techniques or skills for setting and managing goals. By taking the above steps, you may be able to reduce your level of stress and maximize your effort in addressing problems in your life. As with any coping strategy, it is best to practice this skill first with a very basic or non-threatening problem. This way you can get comfortable with the steps before you use them with more complex problems.

The Audit And Compensation Committees Essay - 1366 Words

This paper contributes to the auditing literature by investigating empirically auditors’ responses to overlapping membership on audit and compensation committees (overlapping committees) and the equity holdings by overlapping audit committee members. Boards of directors are at the helm of corporate governance and work through sub-committees (Adams, Hermalin, Weisbach, 2010; Hermalin Weisbach, 1998; Hermalin Weisbach, 2003). Delegating different board functions to distinct committees represents a separation of tasks and functions, and has been strongly recommended as a suitable mechanism for improving corporate governance (Kesner, 1988; Spira Bender, 2004). Two important sub-committees found in modern organisations are the audit and compensation committees. The audit committee is a subcommittee of the board of directors with delegated authority to oversee the auditing and financial reporting-related matters of the firm. The compensation committee, on the other hand, is entr usted with responsibility for setting managerial pay, including an optimal amount of performance-based incentive pay. The question of whether overlapping membership, where at least one audit committee member is also on the compensation committee, is desirable from a governance perspective has received increasing attention from professionals and researchers (Chandar, Chang, Zheng, 2012; Habib Bhuiyan, 2014; KPMG, 2008; Liao Hsu, 2013). The rationale for overlapping membership is based on theShow MoreRelatedIn depth analysis of Financial Statements BP1143 Words   |  5 Pagesaccounting adjustments arising from their  audits, any disagreement or difficulties encountered in working with management, and any identified  fraud  or illegal acts 6.board of directors They delegate authority to certain executives to carry out certain activities – explicitly acquisition, disbursement, mgmt of org funds -must ensure that directors, staff, volunteers comply with the policies – through reports delivered by the executive, board committees and auditors or consultants ResponsibleRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Summary And Introduction1714 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial reporting, and audit functions. The SEC has worked with NYSE and NASDAQ to harmonize the new Corporate Governance Rules. Throughout the rest of this paper, the more detailed listing requirements of the NYSE and NASDAQ will be discussed. Since the reforms are extensive, these were selected for the discussion: the increased role of independent directors, independent audit committee, independent directors on the nominating/corporate governance committee, the compensation committee to consistRead MoreTesla s Executive Compensation Policy1700 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Tesla’s Executive Compensation Policy†Ã‚ ¬ Edward E. Lalwer, a major contributor to theory, research, and practice in the fields of human resources management, compensation, organizational development, and organizational effectiveness, states an effective compensation system will support an organization s overall strategy as executive s impact many areas. Executive compensation is a business expense that should be reasonable and competitive because money spent on compensation is not available forRead MoreThe Standards And Corporate Governance Guidelines Of Mattel1563 Words   |  7 Pagesindependent directors, and members who have intimate relationships with other directors or executive officers also cannot be outside directors. However, the Corporate Governance Guidelines determine that members who take part in the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Executive Committee, the Finance Committee, and the Governance and Social Responsibility Committee are independent with material transactions and executive manage ments. As a result, there are ten directors on the boardRead MoreEssay on Worldcom1595 Words   |  7 Pagesthe company, WorldCom needed to adopt a strong Corporate Governance structure. The central objectives of his proposal â€Å"Restoring Trust† included improving the composition of WorldCom Board, eradicating financial misconduct, correcting executive compensation and enhancing shareholder influence and involvement. According the Breeden the WorldCom board seemed to have a decent combination of backgrounds and independence, however, the board did not provide the proper oversight to manage the company orRead MoreAudit Committees Post Sarbanes - Oxley 1692 Words   |  7 PagesAudit Committees Post Sarbanes - Oxley The importance of audit committees increased through the years and especially from pre-Sarbanes – Oxley to post-Sarbanes – Oxley. Although, what are the responsibilities of the audit committee members? How does a Chief Audit Executive (CAE) more effectively serve their audit committee members? How do auditors communicate with audit committees? What are the requirements for audit committees? Most of these questions are inherited from what the auditRead MoreMedicare Reimbursement Model Pros And Cons1092 Words   |  5 PagesIn my role with Liberty Mutual, I drove adoption of Medicare reimbursement models through public affairs involvement with multiple state workers compensation committees seeking to update their reimbursement schedules in response to the implementation of ICD-10 coding requirements in October of 2015. With the state workers’ compensation authorities seeking to adopt CMS reimbursement type models, my involvement was directed at securing the i nclusion of specific CMS rules governing correct coding andRead MoreEthical Financial Reporting And Disclosure Quality893 Words   |  4 Pagesto emphasize the positive influence of independent audit committee on the ethical financial reporting, corporate disclosure, and company ethical environment overall (p. 183). Introduction. The author studies the relationships between the director overlap and financial reporting quality, and for that purpose, analyzes the compensation measurement system and how it tights to performance (p. 183). The researcher also focuses on the impact of audit committee on the reporting and disclosure. The mainRead MoreA Report On Bombardier Canada1132 Words   |  5 Pagesa director since 2005. (Director s Bios - Board of Directors - Bombardier, 2014) Committee Structures The board of directors is separated into different committees as we can see in the table bellow taken from Board Committees and Charters - Bombardier (Board Committees and Charters - Bombardier, 2014) Audit committee The audit committees responsibilities are to help directors reach their responsibilities while taking into account accountability, maintain good communication between BombardierRead MoreApple Corporate Governance899 Words   |  4 Pageswhether or not there is a process to punish the executives for making poor or selfish decisions. Moreover, there is no indication of the independence of the Audit and Compensation committees. This leaves the company exposed to possible conflicts of interest, particularly if an insider such as Mr. Cook has a seat on either of these committees. In order to resolve these potential issues, it is recommended Apple implement clear processes that allow it to incentivize executives to make decisions in the

Commonly Confused Words Quotation and Quote

In formal English, quotation is a noun (as in a quotation from Shakespeare) and quote is a verb (She likes to quote Shakespeare). However, in everyday speech and informal English, quote is often treated as a shortened form of quotation. Definitions The noun quotation refers to a group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the original author or speaker. A direct quotation is a report of the exact words of an author or speaker. Direct quotations are placed inside quotation marks.An indirect quotation is a paraphrase of someone elses words: it reports on what a person said without using his or her exact words. Indirect quotations are not placed inside quotation marks. The verb quote means to repeat a group of words originally written or spoken by another person. In informal speech and writing, quote is sometimes used as a shortened form of the noun quotation. See usage notes below. Examples She remembered a quotation  shed read recently, the words of H.L. Mencken: Nothing can come out of an artist that is not in the man.(Hilary Sloin, Art on Fire. Bywater, 2012)Relying on numerous interviews of parents and children with a wide range of skin colors, [Lori] Tharps proves the  quotation  by the social scientist Frank Sulloway to be painfully true: No social injustice is felt more deeply than that suffered within ones own family.(Allyson Hobbs, Im Not the Nanny: Multiracial Families and Colorism. The New York Times, November 3, 2016)Many times I have wanted to quote Topsy, the young black girl in Uncle Toms Cabin. I have been tempted to say, I dunno. I just growed.(Maya Angelou, Mom Me Mom. Random House, 2013)[V]ery few quotes in newspapers are completely accurate in the sense of  being faithful to the false starts and hesitancies of the spoken word.(Ian Jack, Should We Quote Swear Words? Im Not Sure Theyre Absolutely Necessary. The Guardian [UK],  September 20, 2013) Usage Notes The noun quote, short for quotation, was first recorded in 1888. ... This sense of quote has met with strong disapproval in some quarters. Such commentators as Bernstein 1965, Follett 1966, Shaw 1977, and Trimmer McCrimmon 1988 have disparaged its use in writing, and the Heritage 1969, 1982 usage panel rejected it by a large majority (the 2000 panel has lightened up). Some other critics, however, have taken a more tolerant view. Harper 1985, for example, accepts its use in writing that has a conversational tone, and Bremner 1980 calls it standard in the publishing business.The noun quote is now widely used in standard if mostly casual writing, ... but there are still times when it seems most appropriate to choose quotation instead. We recommend that you let your own judgment of the writing situation and your sense of idiom be your guide.(Merriam-Websters Concise Dictionary of English Usage, 2002)The problem with quotation is that, to the writer who hopes to deliver goods quickly, th e three syllables sound and read as if they were slowing the sentence down. The single syllable of quote, meanwhile, sounds apt to such a writer. And it sounds more and more natural all the time, as it seems to predominate in spoken English. So although it remains informal for now, its gaining ground in formal prose.(Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern English  Usage, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2016) Practice (a) Melinda begins each of her essays with a familiar ______.(b) When he cant think of an answer, Gus likes to _____ a song lyric. Answers to Practice (a) Melinda begins each of her essays with a familiar quotation.(b) When he cant think of an answer, Gus likes to quote a song lyric.

Immunology Free Essays

Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY COURSE †¢ Subject Agenda* Theoretical part (Lecture): 14. 01—-18. 03—-22. We will write a custom essay sample on Immunology or any similar topic only for you Order Now 04. 2013 Practical part (Labwork) †¢ Study Materials: Textbook (David Male and Ivan Roitt-2006-DIR; Abul Abbas-2007AA), Clips and Internet search †¢ Classconversation@gmail. com. Pass: btiu12345 †¢ Evaluation – Midterm Exam, Final Exam, Labwork – Assignment (Home-work, Topic-oriented-In-class discussion, Readand-Present Practice) Contact me at: R501, IU Building; or via email: ntthoai@hcmiu. edu. vn NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY- An X soup What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? †¢ History of Immunology †¢ Cells and Soluble Mediators of IS= ? †¢ Immune Response- Pathogens (Ags): Innate and Adaptive Immunity- Collaboration NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? Immunology is the study of our protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and our responses to them. Foreign macromolecule/ Antigen –— Immunogen: e. g. virus protein, worm, parasite Everything that should not be in my body Immune System: Molecules, cells, tissues and organs which provide nonspecific and specific protection against Microorganisms; Microbial toxins and Tumor cells Crucial to human survival NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 History of Immunology †¢ Experiential Immunology period †¢ Experimental Immunology period †¢ Modern Immunology period Immunology act as an independent subject (1970s) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 I. Experiential Immunology period (the 17th century- the middle of 19th century) In ancient times, many serious infection diseases, such as smallpox, plague and cholera etc, caused innumerable people dead. Plague !!! — Black Death Disease NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Story of Plague port of Weymouth. The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350, and killing between 75 million and 200 million people Wikipedia Yersinia pestis NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Figure 1. Photomicrographs demonstrating the high bacterial burden of Y pestis in various organs. Top left, A: Tissue Gram stain of a lymph node reveals the profusion of neutrophils and large clumps of Gram-negative coccobacilli characteristic of Y pestis (Brown-Hopps, original ? 00). Large clusters of bacteria (arrows) are found in the alveolar spaces (top right, B), adrenals (bottom left, C), and kidneys (bottom right, D) [hematoxylin-eosin, original ? 400]. Chmura et al. 2003, CHEST, Painful Lymphadenopathy and Fulminant Sepsis in a Previously Healthy 16-Year-Old Girl NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 ~ 430 B. C: Peloponesian War, Thucydides describes plague – the ones who had recovered from the disease could nurse the sick without getting the disease a second time NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 In 1670, Chinese medical practitioners : variolation Edward Jennar —-An English physician He discovered that cowpox vaccination protected against smallpox in 1796 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Vaccine- Vaccination Vaccine: A preparation of microbial antigen, often combined with adjuvants,that is administered to individuals to induce protective immunity against microbial infections. Vaccination: A general term for immunization against infectious diseases,orginally derived from immunization against smallpox which uses the Vaccinia virus. NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Why do they not want to play with my kids? NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 II. Experimental Immunology period (the middle of 19th century-the middle of 20th century) 1. Active immunity In the middle of 19th century R. Koch —-Isolated and cultured bacteria successfully Pasteur —-Infectious diseases were caused by pathogens In 1880, Pasteur —-Anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine (old culture of Chicken V. cholera) —-Artificial active immunity Robert Koch Active immunity: The form of adaptive immunity that is induced by exposure to a foreign antigen and in which the immunized individual plays an active role in responding to the antigen. Louis Pasteur(1822-1895) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 . Passive immunity In the late eighties of 19th century Roux and Yersin: Diphtheria was caused by exotoxin produced by C. diphtheriae The discovery of diphtheriae antitoxin and bactericindins Antitoxin—-Antibody (Ab); Exotoxin—-Antigen (Ag) Study on reaction of Ag and Ab in vitro —-Serology In 1890,Von Behring and Kitasato —-dipht heriae antitoxin was applied in treatment of Diphtheria —- Artificial passive immunity Passive immunity: The form of immunity to an antigen that is established in one individual by transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from another individual who is immune to that antigen. NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 3. Mechanism of protective immunity Cell mediated immunity(CMI) —–1883-1884, Metchnikoff: Microorganisms were engulfed and destroyed by phagocytic cells Humoral immunity(HI) —-1897,Ehrlich: Ab in serum played important roles in protective immunity Both HI and CMI were very important for protective immunity, Ab in serum could promote the phagocytosis of phagocytic cells —- 1903, Wright Douglas 4. Study on immune-pathology immune disease In 1902, Richet and Portier—-Anaphylaxis Pirquet and Shick—-Hypersensitivity In 1903, Arthus—-Arthus phenomenon In 1906, Pirquet —- Allergy In 1907, Donath and Landsteiner —-Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 5. Study on antigen In the early of 20th century, Landsteiner studied on antigenic determinant (epitope) —-ABO blood type 6. Study on immunochemistry In 1938,Tiselius and Kabat —-Ab is ? globulin In the fifties of 20th century, Porter and Edelmen, —-Molecular structure of Ab: 4 peptides 7. Study on immune tolerance: No positive response to specific Ag In 1945, Oven found natural immune tolerance In 1953, Medawar set up animal model of acquired immune tolerance in newborn period. . Hypothesis for Ab formation Templates postulate (1930,Breinl and Haurowitz) Variable folding postulate (1940,Pauling) Natural selection postulate (1955,Jerne) Clonal selection theory (1959, Burnet):- Clone: a group cells that stem from identical cell NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 III. Modern Immunology period (the middle of 20th century-the 21th century) 1. Study on immune system In 1957, Glick Fabricius found out that Chicken without bursa can not produce Ab —-B cell In 1961,Good and Miller —- Cell mediated immune of new born mice whose thymus were taken away are defective —-T cell 2. Study on monoclonal antibody —-In 1975, Kohler and Milstein 3. Study on immune genetics —-In 1978, genetic control of antibody diversity —-Discovery of accurate mechanism of immune response on gene level (MHC, TCR , BCR) 4. Study on molecular mechanism of T/B lymphocyte activation and signal transduction 5. Study on effective mechanism of immune cells NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 6. Study on clinical immunology Organ transplantation; Autoimmune disease; Tumor immunology; Infectious diseases 7. Study on applied immunology Preparation of monoclonal antibody and genetic engineering antibody; Preparation of recombinant cytokines; Study on DNA vaccine; Study on treatment with immune cells 8. New techniques of modern immunology and application Separation of immune cells; Protein analysis technique; Phage display technique; Preparation of new animal model NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 The immune system Immune system Innate (non-specific) immunity Adaptive (specific) immunity Anatomic barriers (Skin,mucous membranes) †¢Physological barriers (temperature, pH) †¢Phagocytic Barriers (cells that eat invaders) †¢Inflammatory barriers (redness, swelling, heat and pain) †¢Antigen specificity †¢Diversity †¢Immunological memory †¢Self/nonself recognition NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Our immune systems generate an almost infinite variety of cells and substances Foreign Recognition Memory Upon 2 ° exposure produces enhanced re sponse Effector Response To eliminate or neutralize particle *In some cases, the IR fails to function; at other times, the IR can turn on its host NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Humoral and cellular immunity (antibody mediated or cellular) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 B cells Surface bound antibody Antibody secreting B cell Antigen B-cell Soluble antibodies, circculate in the body NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Antibody secreting B cell B-cell Virus killed NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Discussion Topics 1. Why do warm-blooded, long-lived animals require particularly complex immune defense? – p4-DIR 2. Why would removal of Ag lead to the decline in an immune response? – p14-DIR And many more to explore in the DIR textbook Home works P18-DIR NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 The real ones Crawling Macrophage Neutrophil and DCs NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY- An X soup †¢ What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? †¢ History of Immunology †¢ Cells and Soluble Mediators of IS= ? †¢ Immune Respone- Pathogens (Ags): Innate and Adaptive Immunity- Collaboration Read DIR-page 1-18 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Once upon a time†¦ There was a WARGAMES OF THRONES- MATTER OF â€Å"LIVE OR DIE† HAS IT ALREADY ENDED? NO, IT IS JUST A BEGINNING†¦ NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 How to cite Immunology, Papers

Boys And Girls Essay Example For Students

Boys And Girls Essay A Comprehensive Summary ofAlice Munro’s â€Å"Boys and Girls†Alice Munro’s â€Å"Boys and Girls† is a story about a girl that struggles against society’s ideas of how a girl should be, only to find her trapped in the ways of the world. The story starts out on a farm in the 1940’s. The narrator is a woman who is telling the first person point of view of when she was a girl. The girl’s father was a fox farmer. He was a hard working, quiet man and the girl really respected him. Every winter the father killed the foxes that he raised and sold their pelts. The girl loved this time and found it seasonal, although her mother despised it. In the beginning the girl is about nine years old. She had a younger brother named Laird with whom she shared a bedroom. At night when they would go to bed they would get scared and try to distract themselves by singing. After Laird would go to sleep the girl stayed up and told herself stories. In these stories she was a great hero. She was courageous and bold and she accomplished great feats to rescue others. Everyone adored her for being heroic. The stories always involved her riding and shooting though she couldn’t ride a horse or shoot a gun. The girl took great pride in the fact that she helped her father with the chores on the farm. Her main chore was to water the foxes. Laird would help with a small watering can though he would usually spill most of his water. The girl would also help her father when he would cut the long grass around the fox pens. He would cut it and she would rake it up. He would then throw the grass on top of the pens to keep the sun off of the foxes . The entire fox pen was well thought out and well made. The foxes were fed horsemeat, which could be bought very cheap. When a farmer had a dying horse her father would pay for the horse and slaughter it. Her father was very ingenious with his fox farm and the girl was obviously impressed. She was proud to work with her father. One time while her father was talking to a salesman he said, â€Å"Like you to meet my new hired man.† That comment made her so happy, only to have the salesman reply that he thought it was only a girl. While the girl loved the work outside she hated to do the ‘woman’s work’ inside. She disliked her mother for making her do it, and believed that her mother only made her do it because she didn’t like it. She didn’t like anything about this work. She hated the hot dark kitchen, and thought that work was endless, depressing and unimportant as compared to the work she did for her father. She would do a chore for her mother and then run off before she could tell her anything else to do. She had a very low opinion about anything to do with mother. The only thing the mother had to talk about were things that were unimportant to the girl, like dresses and old boyfriends. She thought that her mother was undependable, easily fooled, conniving and ignorant about the way things really were. This opinion was very much different than that she had of her father. The girl began feeling like she was being attacked. Like everyone was out to make her a ‘girl’. When her grandmother came to town she was bombarded with comments like, â€Å"Girls don’t slam doors like that.† and â€Å"Girls keep their knees together when they sit down.† The worst was when she would ask a question and the grandmother would reply â€Å"That’s none of a girl’s business.† The girl rebelled against comments like these and continued to slam doors and sit awkwardly. By this time things were changing. Farmers were buying tractors and it became harder to find horses. The family would sometimes get healthy horses that no longer had any use. They would keep these horses all winter long. One winter when she was eleven years old they had two horses, Mack and Flora. Mack was an old workhorse slow and easy to handle. Flora was a sorrel mare who was violent and reckless. The following spring Mack was to be slaughtered. Henry, w ho was a hired man on the farm, led Mack out of the stable. While this was going on the girl took Laird up into the barn so that they could watch them shoot the horse. When the horse was shot it didn’t die instantly but instead he fell over and kicked his legs for a few seconds, which caused Henry to laugh. After he died the men examined the horse in a very practiced and businesslike way. The girl felt very uneasy about the death. She then became scared that she would get into trouble for showing Laird the killing so she took him to a movie to help him forget it. .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 , .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 .postImageUrl , .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 , .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36:hover , .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36:visited , .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36:active { border:0!important; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36:active , .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36 .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uafa6b8aa56416a5b5a42fee014307e36:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Bomb That Saved Millions EssayChanges on the farm weren’t the only changes going on. Laird was becoming stronger than she was. She began fixing up her side of the room with lace. She had a dressing table, and she was planning to put a barricade in between her bed and Laird’s. At night she wasn’t scared anymore and she stopped singing. Her stories that she told herself were changing. She was now the one being rescued by boys and men. She began to worry more about what she was wearing and what her hair looked like. Two weeks after Mack was slaughtered it was time for Flora to be killed. This time she didn’t think about watching. She even felt somewhat ashamed, and her attitude to her father and his work began to change. So while the killing was underway her and her brother were picking up sticks to make a teepee out of. Suddenly there was a lot of commotion and Flora was running free. Her father told her to shut the gate. She ran to the gate and just had just enough time to close it. Instead of closing the gate she opened it wide and let the horse run free. Laird got there just in time to see her do it. When her father and Henry showed up they thought that she didn’t get there in time. They simply got the gun and the knives they used and jumped in the truck. On the way out they stopped and picked up Laird who was begging to go. Even though the girl thought that she would be in trouble for letting the horse out she did not regret it, even though she wasn’t sure why she had done it. After everyone arrived back home they had dinner. Laird was excited and showed off the blood that he had on his arm from the horse. During dinner Laird told everyone how she had let the horse out of the gate. She began crying and her father said, â€Å"Never mind, she’s only a girl.† Finally she didn’t protest it and thought that maybe it was true. Book Reports